List of Terms - Rome

Rome was a monarchy until around 500 bc

Romulus and Remus (sons of Mars and Rhea Silvia)

Art – Capitoline Wolf

the she-wolf suckling the twins Romulus and Remus, bronze, 500-480 B.C.E. (Etruscan)

Rome founded April 21, 753 BCE

Tarquinius Superbus (r. 534-509 BCE)

Aeneas (Trojan hero, son of Venus)

Etruria - Etruscan civilization is the modern name given to a civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria, and northern Latium. The ancient Romans called its creators the Tusci or Etrusci.

Etruscan - (Historical Terms) a member of an ancient people of central Italy whose civilization influenced the Romans, who had suppressed them by about 200 bc. The group ruled over Rome before the establishment of the Republic.

Capitolium - An ancient temple dedicated to Jupiter, Juno and Minerva, built on hills and other prominent areas in many cities in Italy and the provinces

pseudo-peripteral - having columniation completely circling an area of the structure

Ionic Order - One of the three main orders of classical Greek architecture, characterized by two opposed volutes in the capital.

Doric Order - The Doric order was one of the three orders or organizational systems of ancient Greek or classical architecture; the other two canonical orders were the Ionic and the Corinthian.

Metope and triglyph

Corinthian Order - The Corinthian order is one of the three principal classical orders of ancient Greek and Roman architecture. The other two are the Doric and Ionic.

opus incertum - Opus incertum (irregular masterwork) was an ancient Roman construction technique, using irregular shaped and random placed uncut stones or fist-sized tuff blocks inserted in a core of Opus caementicium.

tholos - A beehive tomb, also known as a tholos tomb (plural tholoi) (Greek: θολωτός τάφος, θολωτοί τάφοι, "domed tombs"), is a burial structure characterized by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mudbricks or, more often, stones.

taberna (-ae) - A taberna was a single room shop covered by a barrel vault within great indoor markets of ancient Rome. Each taberna had a window above it to let light into a wooden attic for storage and had a wide doorway.

Hellenistic - of or relating to Greek history, language, and culture from the death of Alexander the Great to the defeat of Cleopatra and Mark Antony by Octavian in 31 BC. During this period Greek culture flourished, spreading through the Mediterranean and into the Near East and Asia and centering on Alexandria in Egypt and Pergamum in Turkey.

suovetaurilia (sacrifice of a pig (sus), sheep (ovis), and bull (taurus)

imagines - Ancestral imagines, or funerary masks, made of wax or terra-cotta, had become extremely individualized and realistic by the middle of the 2nd century bc. The source of this realism is in the impact on Rome of late-Hellenistic iconography; although this use of masks was rooted in ancient Roman social and religious practice, there is no basis for a belief that the Romans and Etruscans...

veristic - (of art or literature) extremely or strictly naturalistic.

contrapposto - an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.

dictator perpetuo (dictator for life)

Hippodamos - Hippodamus of Miletus was an ancient Greek architect, urban planner, physician, mathematician, meteorologist and philosopher and is considered to be the “father” of urban planning, the namesake of Hippodamian plan of city layouts. ...

Castrum plan - Roman fortified camp, rectangular in plan, and standardized throughout the Empire.

Decumanus (E-W) - a decumanus was an east-west-oriented road in a Roman city, castra, or colonia. The main decumanus was the Decumanus Maximus, which normally connected the Porta Praetoria to the Porta Decumana.

Cardo (N-S) - The cardo was a north–south-oriented street in Roman cities, military camps, and coloniae. The cardo, an integral component of city planning, was lined with shops and vendors, and served as a hub of economic life. The main cardo was called cardo maximus.

Forum - the marketplace or public square of an ancient Roman city, the center of judicial and business affairs and a place of assembly for the people.

Basilica - The Roman basilica was a large public building where business or legal matters could be transacted.

Balnea (856) - public baths or hot springs, esp in ancient Greece or Rome.

Thermae (11) - public baths or hot springs, esp in ancient Greece or Rome.

Natatio – giant swimming pool

Hypocaust - a hollow space or system of channels in the floor or walls of some ancient Roman buildings that provided a central heating system by receiving and distributing the heat from a furnace.

frigidarium - a room having a bath of unheated water.

tepidarium - The tepidarium was the warm (tepidus) bathroom of the Roman baths heated by a hypocaust or underfloor heating system.

caldarium - a room with a hot plunge bath, used in a Roman bath complex.

Theatre - Roman theatres derive their basic design from the Theatre of Pompey, the first permanent Roman theatre.

Odeum - (in ancient Greece and Rome) a roofed building for musical performances.

Amphitheatre - an oval or round building with tiers of seats around a central open area, as those used in ancient Rome for gladiatorial contests.

Herculaneum rediscovered in 1738

Pompeii rediscovered in 1748

domus italica - The domus italica was the Roman plan of the ideal private house.

Hellenized domus - the domus that has been Hellenized

Fauces - a vestibule of an ancient Roman house

Atrium - Also called cavaedium. the main or central room of an ancient Roman house, open to the sky at the center

Impluvium (below) - In Roman dwellings, a cistern or tank, set in the atrium or peristyle to recieve the water from the roof

Compluvium (above) - A space left unroofed over the court of a Roman dwelling

Cubiculum - A small room, especially a bedroom, typically those small rooms found on the upper floor of a Roman house; A small room carved out of the wall of a catacomb, used as mortuary chapels, and in Roman times, for Christian worship

Tablinum - office

Triclinium - a dining table with couches along three sides used in ancient Rome.

Hortus – latin word for garden

Peristyle - a row of columns surrounding a space within a building such as a court or internal garden or edging a veranda or porch.

Four Styles of Pompeii Wall Painting -

(August Mau, late 19th century)

Hannibal – the skilled general who led his troops over the alps during the second punic war

Division of the Empire by emperor Diocletian

General Marius - changed the power structure of the Roman military by hiring inner-city poor.

Paterfamilias - The male head of the Roman household.

First triumvirate

The tribunes had the right to veto the laws of the senate

Trajan expanded the empire to its greatest size

Plebians (social group) made up the majority of the population

Tribunes were respresentatives of the plrebian class

Plebians tribunes, slaves, and patricians

Patricians were the the head of the social scale in the Roman Republic

The alps - mountain chain in the north of Italy provided protection from invaders

Caesar led the conquest of Gaul

Marche dthrough the Rubicon river aftewr defying the Senate

Caesar assassinated on the Idfes of March 44 B.C.E. by a group of senators

Republic – a form of government where the leader is not a monarch and some people can vote.

Latin – language of western roman empire

Greek – language of Eastern Roman Empire

Carthage – center of Rome’s adversary in the Punic Wars; Rome fought Carthage in the Punic Wars

Consuls - two people elected by the Senate to serve for one, one year term

Visigoths - Barbarian group invaded Rome causing its ultimate downfall

Spartacus – a Gladiator who led a massive slave revolt, he was later caught and crucified with 6,000 of his followers.

Panthenon

Parthenon

Pax Romana – 200 years of peace; peage of Augustus